According to the World Health Organization (WHO), antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top ten global public health threats facing humanity. Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites mutate and no longer respond to the drugs that were previously effective against them.
Inadequate epidemic prevention and control contribute to the spread of resistant microbes, while unnecessary prescriptions and the excessive or improper use of medications reduce their effectiveness. As a result, infections become harder to treat, leading to longer illnesses, more severe complications, increased mortality rates, and higher risks associated with medical procedures. Surgeries such as cesarean sections, hip replacements, chemotherapy for cancer patients, or organ transplants become much more dangerous. Additionally, AMR places a significant burden on healthcare systems and economies, as prolonged illnesses require longer hospital stays and more expensive treatments.
When Are Antibiotics Necessary?
It's important to note that antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections, and many bacterial illnesses resolve on their own without antibiotics. Antibiotics do not work against viruses, meaning they will not help with illnesses such as colds, influenza, sore throats, runny noses, or viral tonsillitis. Most upper respiratory infections clear up within 1-2 weeks without treatment. Always consult your doctor for guidance on how to take care of yourself while your immune system fights off a viral infection.
What Can We Do to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance?
- Do not self-medicate! If you feel unwell, consult a doctor for an accurate diagnosis and only take antibiotics if prescribed. Accept the medical advice and do not insist on antibiotics if they are not necessary.
- Do not buy medicine from unreliable sources and avoid taking unverified or leftover antibiotics.
- Do not share antibiotics with family members or friends, even if they have similar symptoms.
- Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully if prescribed antibiotics for a bacterial infection. If you experience side effects, do not stop taking the medication on your own — consult your doctor first.
- Complete the full antibiotic course as prescribed. Skipping doses or stopping early can make the infection resistant to treatment, leading to a worsening condition.
- Focus on prevention — it's much easier to avoid infections than to treat them. The best ways to reduce the risk of infections include:
- Frequent and thorough hand washing
- Following proper hygiene practices when handling food
- Safe sexual practices
- Receiving recommended vaccinations
- Avoiding contact with sick individuals
- Staying home when feeling unwell
By being mindful of antibiotic use and prioritizing preventive health measures, we can all contribute to slowing down antimicrobial resistance and protecting public health.
